A carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) test measures the amount of specific transferrin glycoforms in the blood. These glycoforms are types of transferrin, a protein that transports iron, which are deficient in carbohydrate groups. Elevated levels of these particular transferrin glycoforms are a strong indicator of chronic heavy alcohol consumption, typically defined as more than 60 grams of alcohol per day for at least two weeks. This makes the test a valuable tool in identifying individuals with alcohol use disorder and monitoring abstinence or treatment effectiveness. Unlike other markers, CDT levels are less affected by common medical conditions, making them a more specific indicator of excessive alcohol intake.
The clinical utility of this biomarker lies in its ability to provide objective data regarding alcohol consumption, which can be particularly useful when self-reported information is unreliable. Early detection and intervention are crucial in managing alcohol use disorder and its associated health complications. Over time, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to severe liver damage, cardiovascular issues, and neurological problems. The development and refinement of the CDT assay have provided clinicians with a more reliable method for assessing and managing alcohol misuse compared to older, less specific markers. This has enabled more effective interventions and, ultimately, better patient outcomes.