Blood tests for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) antibodies detect the body’s immune response to the virus, not the virus itself. These tests measure the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, which develop after initial exposure and typically remain present for life. The numerical values reported for these antibody levels vary depending on the specific test used by the laboratory. A positive result indicates prior exposure to HSV-1, while a negative result suggests no prior exposure. Equivocal results, which fall within a borderline range, indicate an uncertain status and often require repeat testing.
Understanding antibody level ranges helps clinicians interpret test results accurately and provide informed medical guidance. Historically, HSV-1 serologic testing has played a vital role in epidemiological studies, mapping the global prevalence of the virus. In individual patient care, these tests can help differentiate HSV-1 from other conditions with similar symptoms, guide decisions about antiviral medications in specific circumstances, and provide valuable information for patients concerned about transmission. The advent of increasingly sensitive and specific serological tests has greatly enhanced diagnostic capabilities.
