The relationship between temperature and air pressure is governed by the ideal gas law. This law states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature when volume and the amount of gas remain constant. Therefore, as temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the air molecules inside the tire also decreases. These slower-moving molecules collide less frequently and with less force against the tire walls, resulting in lower pressure. For example, a temperature drop of 10 degrees Celsius can lead to a pressure decrease of roughly 2 psi.
Maintaining correct tire pressure is crucial for vehicle safety, fuel efficiency, and tire longevity. Underinflated tires increase rolling resistance, leading to higher fuel consumption and increased wear and tear. They also negatively impact handling and braking performance, increasing the risk of accidents. Historically, understanding this relationship has been vital for the development of pneumatic tires and their widespread adoption in various applications, from automobiles to bicycles.
