Videonystagmography (VNG) assesses the vestibular system, responsible for balance and spatial orientation, by measuring eye movements in response to various stimuli. Deviations from expected eye movement patterns indicate potential dysfunction within the vestibular system, whether in the inner ear, the vestibulocochlear nerve, or the brain areas processing vestibular information. Analyzing these deviations allows clinicians to pinpoint the location and nature of the problem, differentiating between peripheral and central vestibular disorders. For example, nystagmus (involuntary rhythmic eye movements) with specific characteristics might suggest benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), while other patterns could point towards Meniere’s disease or a neurological condition.
Accurate analysis of VNG data is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment of balance disorders. It guides clinical decision-making, allowing for targeted interventions like canalith repositioning maneuvers for BPPV or vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Historically, interpretation relied heavily on qualitative observation, but advancements now incorporate quantitative analysis for greater precision. This evolution enhances diagnostic accuracy and facilitates a deeper understanding of vestibular function and its associated pathologies. Timely and precise evaluation prevents unnecessary treatments and improves patient outcomes, addressing debilitating symptoms such as vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance.
